If a flash is used frontally at eye level, red eyes are the result. The flash illuminates the reddish retina at the back of the eye. This can be
avoided by using the pre-flash function of many flashes: by emitting several preliminary flashes, the pupils close down before the actual photo is
taken. This tones down the effect. Bounce flashing against a white surface (wall or ceiling) is even better. Flash units with tilt reflectors are made
for this purpose. Positioning the flash away from the camera is the best solution, also as regards the lighting set-up. By the way, a direct
flash should never be used with small children or infants. |